How to use the SUMPRODUCT function

What is the SUMPRODUCT function?

The SUMPRODUCT function calculates the product of corresponding values and then returns the sum of each multiplication.

SUMPRODUCT function example

The picture above shows how the SUMPRODUCT works in greater detail.

Formula in cell B7:

The SUMPRODUCT function multiplies cell ranges row by row and then adds the numbers and returns a total. The formula in cell B7 multiples values 1*4= 4, 2*5 = 10 and 3*6 =18 and then adds the numbers 4+10+18 equals 32.

1. Excel Function Syntax

SUMPRODUCT(array1, [array2], ...)

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2. Arguments

array1	Required. Required. The first array argument whose numbers you want to multiply and then sum.
[array2]	Optional. Up to 254 additional arguments.

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3. Things to know about the SUMPRODUCT function

The SUMPRODUCT function is one of the most powerful functions in Excel and is one that I often use. I highly recommend learning how it works.

The SUMPRODUCT function requires you to enter it as a regular formula, not an array formula. However, there are exceptions. If you use a logical expression you must enter the formula as an array formula and convert the boolean values to their equivalents.

There are workarounds to this problem which I will demonstrate in the examples below.

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4. How to use the SUMPRODUCT function

This example demonstrates how the SUMPRODUCT function works.

Formula in cell B7:

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4.1 Explaining formula

Step 1  - Multiplying values on the same row

The first array is in cell range B2:B4 and the second array is in cell range C2:C4.

B2:B4*C2:C4

becomes

{1;2;3} * {4;5;6}

becomes

{1*4; 2*5; 3*6}

and returns {4; 10; 18}.

The same calculations are done in column D and shown in column E, see above picture.

Step 2 - Return the sum of those products

{4; 10; 18}

becomes

4 + 10 + 18

and the function returns 32 in cell B7.

The same calculation is done E5, the sum of the products in cell range E2:E4 is calculated in cell E5. See the above picture.

Now you know the basics. Let's move on to something more interesting.

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5. How to use a logical expression in the SUMPRODUCT function

The image above demonstrates a formula in cell G4 that counts how many cells that is equal to the value in cell G2. Note, that this is only an example. I recommend you use the COUNTIF function to count cells based on a condition, it is designed to do that.

Formula in cell G4:

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5.1 Explaining formula

Step 1  - Logical expression returns a boolean value that we must convert to numbers

There is only one array in this formula but something else is distorting the picture. A comparison operator (equal sign) and a second cell value (G2) or a comparison value. With these, we have now built a logical expression. This means that the value in cell G2 is compared to all the values in cell range B2:B6 (not case sensitive).

B2:B6=$G$2

becomes

{"Alaska";"California";"Arizona";"California";"Colorado"}="California"

and returns

{FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE}.

They are all boolean values and excel can´t sum these values. We have to convert the values to numerical values. There are a few options, you can:

• Add a zero - (B2:B6=$G$2)+0
• Multiply with 1 - (B2:B6=$G$2)*1
• Double negative signs  --(B2:B6=$G$2)

They all convert boolean values to their numerical equivalents. TRUE is 1 and FALSE is 0 (zero).

--( {FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE})

becomes

{0;1;0;1;0}

Step 2 - Return the sum of those products

{0;1;0;1;0}

becomes

0 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 0

and returns 2 in cell G4. There are two cells containing the value "California" in cell range B2:B6.

You accomplish the same thing using the COUNTIF function or count multiple values in different columns using the COUNTIFS function. In fact, you can count entire records in a data set using the COUNTIFS function.

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6. How to use multiple conditions in the SUMPRODUCT function

This example shows how to use multiple conditions in the SUMPRODUCT function using AND logic. AND logic means that all conditions must be met on a given row in order to add the number to the total.

Formula in cell D10:

This formula contains three arguments, the SUMPRODUCT function allows you to use up to 30 arguments. You can make the formula somewhat shorter:

This also allows you to have a lot more conditions than 30 if you like and use OR logic if you want. Example 4 demonstrates OR logic.

It is only the available computer memory that is the limit if you use this method. The formula looks like an array formula but no, you are not required to enter it as an array formula.

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6.1 Explaining formula

Step 1  - Multiplying corresponding components in the given arrays

The first logical expression B2:B8=B10 uses an equal sign to check if the values in cell range B2:B8 are equal to the value in cell B10.

B2:B8=B10

becomes

{"Alaska";"California";"Arizona";"California";"Colorado";"California";"Nevada"}="California"

and returns

{FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE}.

The second logical expression is C2:C8=C10, the other logical operators you can use are:

• = equal
• < less than
• > greater than
• <> not equal to
• <= less than or equal to
• >= larger than or equal to

C2:C8=C10

becomes

{"Anchorage";"San Diego";"Phoenix";"Los Angeles";"Denver";"Los Angeles";"Las Vegas"}="Los Angeles"

and returns

{FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE}.

The third and last logical

(B2:B8=B10)*(C2:C8=C10)*D2:D8

becomes

({FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE})*({FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE})*{10; 20; 40; 10; 20; 30; 10}

becomes

{0;0;0;1;0;1;0}*{10; 20; 40; 10; 20; 30; 10}

and returns

{0; 0; 0; 10; 0; 30; 0}

Step 2 - Return the sum of those products

{0; 0; 0; 10; 0; 30; 0}

becomes

10 +30

and returns 40 in cell D10.

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7. How to use OR logic in the SUMPRODUCT function

This example shows how to use multiple conditions. A number in cell range D3:D9 is added if the item in cell B12 is found on the corresponding row in cell range B3:B9 OR if the item in C12 is found in cell range C3:C9.

Formula in cell D10:

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Explaining formula in cell D10

Step 1 - Compare values to condition

The equal sign lets you compare the condition to values in B3:B9, the result is an array with the same size as B3:B9 containing TRUE or FALSE.

B3:B9=B12

becomes

{"Alaska"; "California"; "Arizona"; "California"; "Colorado"; "California"; "Nevada"}="California"

and returns

{FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE}.

Step 2 - Compare values to condition

C3:C8=C12

becomes

{"Anchorage"; "San Diego"; "Phoenix"; "Los Angeles"; "Denver"; "Los Angeles"; "Las Vegas"}="Las Vegas"

and returns

{FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE}.

Step 3 - Apply OR logic

We need to add numbers if at least one of the conditions matches on the same row, this means OR logic.

Mathematical operators between arrays allow you to do more complicated calculations, like this:

* (asterisk) - Both logical expressions must match (AND logic)

+ (plus sign) - Any of the logical expressions must match, it can be all it can be only one. It doesn't matter. (OR logic)

The AND logic behind this is that

• TRUE * TRUE = TRUE (1)
• TRUE * FALSE = FALSE (0)
• FALSE * FALSE = FALSE (0)

The OR logic works like this:

• TRUE + TRUE = TRUE (1)
• TRUE + FALSE = TRUE (1)
• FALSE + FALSE = FALSE (0)

The numbers above show the numerical equivalent of each result. True equals 1 and False equals 0 (zero).

The parentheses shown below let you control the order of calculation, we must do the comparisons before we add the arrays.

(B2:B8=B10)+(C2:C8=C10)

becomes

{FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE} + {FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE}

and returns {0; 1; 0; 1; 0; 1; 1}.

Step 4 - Check if result is larger than 0 (zero)

If both values match the conditions the result is two, the result will be twice as much. We can't multiply with two, the larger than character checks if the result is larger than 0 (zero).

((B3:B9=B12)+(C3:C9=C12))>0

becomes

{0; 1; 0; 1; 0; 1; 1}>0

and returns {FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; TRUE}.

Step 5 - Multiply with numbers

((B2:B8=B10)+(C2:C8=C10))*D2:D8

becomes

{FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; TRUE}*D2:D8

becomes

{FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; TRUE; TRUE}*{10; 20; 40; 10; 20; 30; 10}

and returns {0; 20; 0; 10; 0; 30; 10}.

Step 6 - Add numbers and return total

SUMPRODUCT(((B2:B8=B10)+(C2:C8=C10))*D2:D8)

becomes

SUMPRODUCT({0; 20; 0; 10; 0; 30; 10})

and returns 70.

These expressions check if California is found in cell range B2:B8 or Las Vegas is found in cell range C2:C8. They are found in rows 4, 6,8, and 9.

The SUMPRODUCT function sums the corresponding values in column D and returns 70 in cell D10. 20+10+30+10 equals 70.

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8. Sum unique distinct invoices

Answer:

I highly recommend a pivot table for this task, it is extremely fast which is good if you have lots of data to work with. This article demonstrates a formula that returns a total based on a condition.

Formula in cell E21:

This formula removes duplicate records and sums values in col D.

Explaining the formula in cell E21

To simplify the explanation I am replacing cell references with named ranges. The formula becomes:

Named Ranges
ColB -  $B$3:$B$18
ColC -  $C$3:$C$18
ColD -  $D$3:$D$18
ColE -  $E$3:$E$18

Step 1 - Filter records equal to condition in cell E21

The equal sign lets you compare the values in column E with the condition in cell C21, this is a logical expression and the result is either TRUE or FALSE (boolean values), however, the SUMPRODUCT function can't work with boolean values. We need to convert the TRUE and FALSe to their numerical equivalents. TRUE = 1 and FALSE = 0 (zero).

--(ColE=$C$21)

--({1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2}=1)

becomes

--({TRUE; TRUE; TRUE; TRUE; TRUE; TRUE; TRUE; TRUE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE})

Sumproduct can´t calculate TRUE/FALSE values. Let´s convert values to 1 and 0.

--({TRUE; TRUE; TRUE; TRUE; TRUE; TRUE; TRUE; TRUE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE})

becomes

{1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0}

Step 2 - Create an array with values from col D

ColD

becomes

{5; 5; 100; 55; 47; 9; 9; 9; 4; 4; 100; 55; 47; 9; 9; 9}

Step 3 - Count duplicate records

The COUNTIFS function calculates the number of cells across multiple ranges that equals all given conditions.

1/COUNTIFS(ColB, ColB, ColC, ColC, ColD, ColD, ColE, ColE)

becomes

1/{2; 2; 1; 1; 1; 3; 3; 3; 2; 2; 1; 1; 1; 3; 3; 3}

and returns

{0,5; 0,5; 1; 1; 1; 0,333333333333333; 0,333333333333333; 0,333333333333333; 0,5; 0,5; 1; 1; 1; 0,333333333333333; 0,333333333333333; 0,333333333333333}

Step 4 - Return the sum of the products of the corresponding arrays

=SUMPRODUCT(--(ColE=$C$21), ColD, 1/COUNTIFS(ColB, ColB, ColC, ColC, ColD, ColD, ColE, ColE))

becomes

=SUMPRODUCT({1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0}, {5; 5; 100; 55; 47; 9; 9; 9; 4; 4; 100; 55; 47; 9; 9; 9}, {0,5; 0,5; 1; 1; 1; 0,333333333333333; 0,333333333333333; 0,333333333333333; 0,5; 0,5; 1; 1; 1; 0,333333333333333; 0,333333333333333; 0,333333333333333})

returns 216 in cell E21.

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9. Count cells equal to any value in a list

The formula in cell F9 counts the number of cells in column B (Values1) that are equal to any of the values in column D (Values2).

Formula in cell F9:

Explaining formula in cell F9

The COUNTIF function allows you to count cells in a range that are equal to a criterion. The great thing about the COUNTIF function is that it is possible to use criteria.

COUNTIF(B3:B18,D3:D9)

becomes

COUNTIF({"JX"; "UL"; "RS"; "XR"; "EJ"; "JX"; "SS"; "ZY"; "JX"; "QR"; "WF"; "PT"; "XG"; "UG"; "KZ"; "CF"}, {"WF"; "QR"; "SS"; "UL"; "JX"; "UG"; "CF"})

and returns the following array: {1; 1; 1; 1; 3; 1; 1}

The SUMPRODUCT function lets you sum the values in the array without the need to enter the fomula as an array formula.

SUMPRODUCT(COUNTIF(B3:B18,D3:D9))

becomes

SUMPRODUCT({1; 1; 1; 1; 3; 1; 1})

and returns 9 in cell F9. 1+1+1+1+3+1+1 = 9

10. Count dates inside a date range

How do I automatically count dates in a specific date range?

Array formula in cell D3:

This is an array formula so make sure you press Ctrl + Shift + Enter.

Alternative array formula in cell D3:

If you want to count the start date and end date also, try this formula:

Alternative formula:

Explaining alternative formula in cell D3

=SUMPRODUCT(--($A$2:$A$10<=$D$2),--($A$2:$A$10>=$D$1))

Step 1 - Create a boolean array with matching dates to the first criterion

=SUMPRODUCT(--($A$2:$A$10<=$D$2),--($A$2:$A$10>=$D$1))

--($A$2:$A$10<=$D$2)

becomes

--({39448;39450;39448;39474;39459;39473;39453;39452;39463}<=39463)

becomes

--({39448;39450;39448;39474;39459;39473;39453;39452;39463}<=39463)

becomes

--({TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE})

becomes

{1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1}

Step 2 - Create a boolean array with matching dates to the second criterion

=SUMPRODUCT(--($A$2:$A$10<=$D$2),--($A$2:$A$10>=$D$1))

--($A$2:$A$10>=$D$1)

becomes

--({39448;39450;39448;39474;39459;39473;39453;39452;39463}>=39452)

becomes

--({FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE})

becomes

{0;0;0;1;1;1;1;1;1}

Step 3 - All together

=SUMPRODUCT(--($A$2:$A$10<=$D$2),--($A$2:$A$10>=$D$1))

becomes

=SUMPRODUCT({1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1},{0;0;0;1;1;1;1;1;1})

becomes

=SUMPRODUCT({0;0;0;0;1;0;1;1;1})  returns 4.

Get Excel *.xls

count-records-between-two-dates-in-excel.xls

Get Excel *.xlsx file

Count cells equal to a value in a list.xlsx

12. Sum based on OR - AND logic

Question:

You can find the question here.

Answer:

The criteria is in B20:D25, I have colored the cells that match. Here is how to avoid writing ten's of equations:

Formula in C26:

Explaining formula in cell C26

Step 1 - Identify criteria B20:B25 in B3:B15

The COUNTIF function counts values based on a condition or criteria. If a match is found 1 is returned and if not found then it returns 0 (zero).

COUNTIF(B20:B25, B3:B15)

becomes

COUNTIF({"A380"; "PA-18 Super Cub"; "Continental C-90-8F"; "Lycoming O-320"; 390; 0},{"A380"; 747; 150; "PA-18 Super Cub"; "172 Skyhawk"; "T-37 Tweet"; "Continental C-90-8F"; 1900; 747; 390; 400; "Lycoming O-320"; 2000})

and returns

{1; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 1; 0; 1; 0}

Step 2 - Identify criteria C20:C25 in C3:C15

COUNTIF(C20:C25, C3:C15)

becomes

COUNTIF({"US"; "Great Britain"; "Russia"; 0; 0; 0},{"US"; "China"; "France"; "Great Britain"; "Australia"; "Russia"; "US"; "China"; "France"; "Great Britain"; "Australia"; "Russia"; "Germany"})

and returns

{1; 0; 0; 1; 0; 1; 1; 0; 0; 1; 0; 1; 0}

Step 3 - Identify criteria D20:D25 in D3:D15

COUNTIF(D20:D25,D3:D15)

becomes

COUNTIF({"Airbus"; "Piper"; 0; 0; 0; 0},{"Airbus"; "Boeing"; "Cessna"; "Piper"; "Cessna"; "Cessna"; "Piper"; "Beechcraft"; "Boeing"; "Beechcraft"; "Beechcraft"; "Piper"; "Beechcraft"})

and returns

{1;0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0;0;0;1;0}

Step 4 - Multiply arrays

All conditions must be TRUE in order to return TRUE.

COUNTIF(B20:B25,B3:B15)*COUNTIF(C20:C25,C3:C15)*COUNTIF(D20:D25,D3:D15)

becomes

{1; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 1; 0; 1; 0}*{1; 0; 0; 1; 0; 1; 1; 0; 0; 1; 0; 1; 0}*{1;0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0;0;0;1;0}

and returns

{1;0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0;0;0;1;0}

Step 5 - Multiply array with amounts

COUNTIF(B20:B25, B3:B15)*COUNTIF(C20:C25, C3:C15)*COUNTIF(D20:D25, D3:D15)*E3:E15

becomes

{1;0;0;1;0;0;1;0;0;0;0;1;0}*E3:E15

becomes

{1; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 1; 0}*{800; 400; 800; 800; 500; 300; 800; 700; 500; 400; 500; 200; 900}

and returns

{800;0;0;800;0;0;800;0;0;0;0;200;0}

Step 6 - Sum array

The SUMPRODUCT function then adds the numbers and returns a total.

SUMPRODUCT(COUNTIF(B20:B25, B3:B15)*COUNTIF(C20:C25, C3:C15)*COUNTIF(D20:D25, D3:D15)*E3:E15)

becomes

SUMPRODUCT({800;0;0;800;0;0;800;0;0;0;0;200;0})

and returns 2600. 800 + 800 + 800 + 200 = 2600.

Get Excel *.xlsx file

pass multiple conditions dynamically.xlsx

13. Find empty cells and sum cells above

This article demonstrates how to find empty cells and populate them automatically with a formula that adds numbers above and returns a total.

Is it possible to quickly select all empty cells and then sum cells above to the next empty cell? Yes, I will show you how.

Can I have a formula in grand total (row 18) that only sums all the totals above? Yes!

13.1. How to select empty cells in a cell range

The image above demonstrates how to find empty cells in a given cell range.

1. Select all values and the blank total cells.
   
2. Press F5, a dialog box appears.
   
3. Press the left mouse on the "Special..." button.
   
4. Press on "Blanks" to select it, then press on the "OK" button.

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13.2. Populate empty cells with a formula

1. Go to tab "Home" on the ribbon and press with left mouse button on the "AutoSum" button.
   
2. All empty cells now have a SUM formula that adds all the above values to the next SUM formula.
   

13.3. Add grand totals that only sums cells populated with formulas

1. Select cell C18 and type this formula:
   =SUMPRODUCT(ISFORMULA(C3:C17)*C3:C17)

   

2. Press Enter. Copy cell C18 and paste to cell range D18:F18.
   

13.3.1 Explaining formula in cell C18

Step 1 - Check if cell contains a formula

The ISFORMULA function checks if a cell in cell range C3:C17 has a formula. It returns TRUE or FALSE.

ISFORMULA(C3:C17)

returns this array:

{FALSE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE}

The picture below shows this array in column D.

The array shows that there is a formula in C5, C9, C12, and C17.

Step 2 -  Multiply with value

The asterisk character allows you to multiply numbers and boolean values.

ISFORMULA(C3:C17)*C3:C17 multiplies the boolean values with their corresponding values in column C, shown in column E below.

ISFORMULA(C3:C17)*C3:C17

becomes

{FALSE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE}*C3:C17

becomes

{FALSE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; FALSE; TRUE}*{748; 508; 1256; 283; 960; 23; 1266; 821; 658; 1479; 970; 109; 599; 252; 1930}

and returns

{0; 0; 1256; 0; 0; 0; 1266; 0; 0; 1479; 0; 0; 0; 0; 1930}

Step 3 - Add values and return the total

The SUMPRODUCT function then sums all values in the array.

SUMPRODUCT(ISFORMULA(C3:C17)*C3:C17)

becomes

SUMPRODUCT({0; 0; 1256; 0; 0; 0; 1266; 0; 0; 1479; 0; 0; 0; 0; 1930})

and returns 5931 in cell C18.

Why not use the SUM function? You need to enter it as an array formula if you use the SUM function. Use the SUM function if you are an Excel 365 user.

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13.4. Add grand totals that only sums cells populated with formulas - Excel 2013

The following formula won't work, the SUMIF function seems to not be capable of processing the ISFORMULA function. The ISFORMULA function is an Excel 2013 function, they seem incompatible.

=SUMIF(C3:C17, ISFORMULA(C3:C17))

Let me know if you have a solution that allows me to use the SUMIF function.

13.5. Add grand totals that only sums cells populated with formulas - Excel 365

=SUM(FILTER(C3:C17, ISFORMULA(C3:C17)))

5.1 Explaining formula

Step 1 - Check if cell contains formula

The ISFORMULA function returns a boolean value TRUE or FALSE if a cell contains a formula or not.

ISFORMULA(C3:C17)

Step 2 - Filter numbers based on boolean values

FILTER(C3:C17,ISFORMULA(C3:C17))

Step 3 - Add numbers and return a total

SUM(FILTER(C3:C17,ISFORMULA(C3:C17)))

 

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